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Middle Ages

Gothic cathedrals

The rise of the Gothic form began in the mid 12th century. Gothic cathedrals, often taking decades to construct, began to appear in cities and...

Rashidun Caliphate in the 7th century

After the death of Prophet Muhammad in 632 AD came to the forefront of the Muslim community first Abu Bakr (632-634) and later Umar (Omar)...

Cathars or Albigensians in Middle Ages

The term Cathars comes from Greek word katharoi which means the pure ones. Cathars were also usually known as Albigensians because the city Albi in southern...

Lombards (5-7th century)

The Lombards or Langobards were an Eastern Germanic tribe. Their presence was in southern Scandinavia. In the 1st century AD they were mentioned as...

Medieval Gardens

Gardens played important role in the Middle Ages. Although plantations of the gardens have taken place much earlier, many sources suggest that garden culture...

Belisarius-Byzantine general during the reign of Justinian

The Byzantine Emperor Justinian (527-565) restored the Byzantine Empire to greatness. However, the emperor had help from one of the greatest general by Flavius Belisarius....

Moors in Spain (VIII-XI century)

The term "Moors" refers primarily to Muslim inhabitants of the Maghreb (arabian  al-Maɣréb and on Berber language Tamazɣa or Tamazgh). Although Moors and Berbers are often synonym...

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